I doubt you were exposed to very much. Sodium sulfite is @167g/mol (even more if it is the hydrate) and you probably had no more than a gram or so in the test tube (being a qualitative demonstration lab). Given these conditions, and assuming all the gas escaped the test tube (which it didn't, some surely stayed dissolved), only about 135mls of gas would have been formed. I wouldn't really worry about it given the scale of the experiment. Next time gently "waft" some of the fumes toward yourself so you can smell it in low concentraion. It should have smelled like burnt matches. If it smelled like rotten eggs, there was a sulfide present and H2S is a noxious poison, worse than hydrogen cyanide.