No.
Depending on how you want to look at it, negative flows to positive; or you can say positive flows to negative.
If you hook a positive to a negative, it can flow. If you hook a positive to a positive, it can not flow, they are resisting each other.
This is how a battery works, your device you are powering is the connection between the negative and positive terminals, the electricity flows through your device, and whatever does not get used up gets deposited on the other terminal.
When you hook them up in reverse, you are trying to force the chemical reaction that produces the free electrons in the reverse direction (this is all a rechargeable battery is).
Negative/Positive is just a indication of flow of electrons. One has to go to the other for transfer of energy to take place (remember, this is a chemical reaction under equilibrium conditions).