Group of atoms in parentheses should be taken number of times indicated by index after closing parenthesis. So Ca(HCO3)2 is equivalent to CaH2C2O6. However, notation with parentheses is prefered, as it gives much more information about the molecule. Every chemist will immediately recognize HCO3- as hydrogen carbonate and Ca(HCO3)2 as calcium hydrogen carbonate, I doubt anybody will see this compound in CaH2C2O6 without much more effort.