Without telling you the answers outright, here are some tips.
Alkanes = saturated hydrocarbons (no double or triple bonds), methane is the simpliest alkane
Alkenes = double bonds (ethene or ethylene is the simpliest alkene)
Alkynes = triple bond (acetylene is the simpliest alkyne)
-anal = aldehyde
Name compounds with the longest chain of carbons, for your problems count the carbons.
1 = meth
2 = eth
3 = prop
4 = but
5 = pent
6 = hex
7 = hept
8 = oct
Example:
CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 ----> 2-Pentene
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 ----> 1-Pentene
CH3CH2CCCH3 ---------->2-Pentyne
-anal = aldehyde
-anone = ketone