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Topic: Bond angles for molecular model  (Read 6051 times)

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Offline gt5hz

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Bond angles for molecular model
« on: December 07, 2009, 11:06:04 PM »
Is it feasible to expand on the VSEPR theory and use the AXE method to build a molecular model of THC?
THC = C21H30O2

I'm working on it atm, with the aid of JMOL. http://www.worldofmolecules.com/3D/thc_3d.htm
It seems to be working so far, by breaking it down into smaller sections.

Offline stewie griffin

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Re: Bond angles for molecular model
« Reply #1 on: December 08, 2009, 06:04:27 PM »
The idea of using VSEPR and hybridization is essentially what you'll learn the first week or an organic chemistry class, so yes you can build a model of THC. Just look at each carbon individually, figure out the hybridization and geometry, and keep on going. Now your model may not be the actual 3D shape of the molecule though.... that can be more difficult to predict with just a model (especially if you aren't familiar with things like sterics and different kinds of strain).

Offline gt5hz

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Re: Bond angles for molecular model
« Reply #2 on: December 09, 2009, 08:26:59 PM »
Thank you. Could I get assistance on something?

http://chemistry.boisestate.edu/people/richardbanks/inorganic/bonding%20and%20hybridization/bonding_hybridization.htm
According to this link, the chart at the bond, 2 groups around the central atom results in sp hybridization, and a 180 degree bond.

However, looking at the model for THC,
http://www.worldofmolecules.com/3D/thc_3d.htm

The oxygen atoms (red) should be 180 degrees. However, one is 120 degrees, and the other is 110 degrees roughly. I would presume one to be 104.5 degrees, since it'd be angular (O attached to C and H, 2 bonds to central atom and 2 lone pairs). Both are neither though. Why?

Offline stewie griffin

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Re: Bond angles for molecular model
« Reply #3 on: December 09, 2009, 08:58:10 PM »
When carbon is sp hybridized, it is indeed linear b/c it is also forming two pi bonds so that the net result is a triple bond. There are no lone pairs left on the carbon.
In oxygen though, we have two bonds to the oxygen and two sets of lone pairs. The oxygen is considered to be sp3 hybridized (see other forum threads about hybridization if this is unclear to you why). So sp3 hybridization usually gives bond angles of 109.5. However VSEPR tells us that we want to minimize electronic repulsion. According to VSEPR, nonbonding lone pairs have more influence here since they are closer to the atom (in this case oxygen) and their repulsion can be "felt" more than the electrons used in the bonds. These nonbonding lone pairs will therefore push the atoms bonded to oxygen away from the ideal 109.5. In these cases the resultant bond angles are near/close to 109.5, but not quite (as you say the actual angle is 120 and 110).
Perhaps this portion of the wikipedia page will help:
"This overall geometry is further refined by distinguishing between bonding and nonbonding electron pairs. A bonding electron pair is involved in a sigma bond with an adjacent atom, and, being shared with that other atom, lies farther away from the central atom than does a nonbonding pair (lone pair), which is held close to the central atom by its positively-charged nucleus. Therefore, the repulsion caused by the lone pair is greater than the repulsion caused by the bonding pair. As such, when the overall geometry has two sets of positions that experience different degrees of repulsion, the lone pair(s) will tend to occupy the positions that experience less repulsion. In other words, the lone pair-lone pair (lp-lp) repulsion is considered to be stronger than the lone pair-bonding pair (lp-bp) repulsion, which in turn is stronger than the bonding pair-bonding pair (bp-bp) repulsion. Hence, the weaker bp-bp repulsion is preferred over the lp-lp or lp-bp repulsion" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory)

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