Sodium thiosulfate isn't very hazardous. The median lethal dose for rats is >5000mg/kg, and the oral lowest published toxic dose for humans is about 300mg/kg over 7 days. Sure, with chronic use there could be irritation or sensitivity, but the same is true of most things.
But rubbing the crystals themselves into your hair isn't the best idea, I'll admit. Just play around with the ratio for how often you swim. I would start out with an eighth of a teaspoon of sodium thiosulfate in a gallon of warm water, and adjust as needed. After all, there isn't much chlorine in pools, and even less will stay in your hair.
The only warning with using sodium thiosulfate is not to heat it above 100C, as it decomposes, giving off SO2.