Quote from my textbook:
To measure the E° for the Fe2+/Fe3+ couple, the single solution cell
Pt | H2 (g) | H+ (aq), Fe2+ (aq), Fe3+ (aq) | Pt
is inappropriate because at one Pt electrode the appropriate equilibrium Fe3+ (aq) + e- Fe2+ (aq) is set up, but at the other both the Fe2+/Fe3+ and H+/H2 couples will try to establish their potentials.
And here's the part I don't get (immediately following on from the above):
In practice the fact that both redox couples are exchanging electrons readily with the electrode will mean that the downhill reaction (ΔG°=-0.77·F) Fe3+ (aq) + 1/2 H2 (g) Fe2+ (aq) + H+ (aq) will be catalysed by the solution and thus move forwards to equilibrium. It follows that if sensible measurements are to be made to find E° for the Fe2+/Fe3+ couple, the two half-cells must be separated using a salt bridge.
The electrode which is not in contact with hydrogen will clearly set up the equilibrium Fe
3+ (aq) + e
- Fe
2+ (aq), but why can the other one not simply set up both equilibria at once, i.e. Fe
3+ (aq) + H
+ (aq)
Fe
2+ (aq) + 1/2 H2 (g), and if it does, why does this stop the correct measurement for the E° of the Fe
2+/Fe
3+ couple from being made?