Interesting question, but I doubt it. The ylide might do a nucleophilic attack on an electrophilic carbon from a C=C pair, but that carbon would need an oxygen for the oxaphosphetane intermediate to occur. If that oxygen is part of an -OH group, you'd have an enol which tautomerizes to an aldehyde or ketone, which just sets up a carbonyl for the ylide to attack instead. If it's in an -OR group, then the R would have to break off for the betaine ion to occur (which doesn't seem very likely).