Borek: has already given you the best consul we can -- too many variables for us to give a useful answer.
This forum has some rules, you agreed to them when you signed up, and you should have read them at that point, but like most people, you probably didn't. That's OK, I do that too. But your post is one of the best examples, of why we have rules about "word salad". Your breathless box of text, covers all possible bases, and leaves us with even less to talk about. By all means, read it to the workers on Monday ... but they won't want to listen to it. Read it out loud, right now, to yourself, and see if you think it really helps a discussion.
A few points, for your benefit:
How long before the bleach is completely gone and degraded and it is safe for flooring guys to do their thing without compromising their adhesive?
Never. Forever. A week. Unless. If.
Its unlikely anyone can help more than that. I'm sorry, but there are too many variables. There are probably floor finishing forums, they can help you with the benefit of experience. A balanced chemical equation, which we usually ask of a student, on these forums, won't describe a floor.
Will the dust contain bleach?
Possibly. Or it may be all gone. Or it may be sequestered, only to reappear in the grinding process. Which is why people protect themselves when grinding a floor, because its at least slightly hazardous on its own, and possible more hazardous, depending on what's hit the floor in its lifetime.
A suggestion: hydrogen peroxide will react with hypochlorite, destroying it, and itself into water and oxygen. But how much? Too little and you don't solve the problem. Too much and you have excess peroxide, until it decomposes. Can the find each other, soaked into the floor, or will they sequester separately? Again, there are too many variables.