The following links take you to websites that the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) maintains. They all have something to do with chemistry.
The occupational handbook which details different aspects of the job; growth, earnings, qualifications, etc.
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos049.htmSome general statistics about jobs for chemists in the U.S.
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes192031.htmI haven't found statistics that show a break down by amount of education.
If anyone finds any other interesting things, or knows interesting things, do please post it.
I have a cheat sheet for finding all U.S. statistics.
http://www.fedstats.gov/[Edit] Materials scientists also may be something to look at. I'm not sure what it really is. I've just assumed it to be different from chemists.