Retrosynthesis are syntheses performed today on the scale and with the glassware of chemistry from the 1950s. Oh wait, I'm getting this confused with fashion trends...
In all seriousness, retrosynthesis is simply a figuring out how to make a molecule backward. Instead of starting with methane and trying to functionalize it into strychnine, you start with strychnine and then ask yourself the question, what reaction could I do to get to strychnine? Then what reaction could I do to take me to the molecule just before strychnine? Eventually, you'll get to starting materials that you can easily purchase or make.
Look up 'retrosynthetic approach' on google. You'll probably find some stuff. Many chemists are using it to make drugs, etc. now.