Crystallization is used because in the solid phase the way the crystals pack requires a certain diastereomer in order to maintain the crystal polymorph. In solution this doesn't happen because the molecules are too far apart.
You might, however, be able to separate enantiomers by extraction with a chiral solvent. In theory it might be possible to separate diastereomers by extraction (although probably not diastereomerics salts) since in principle diastereomers can have very different physical properties.