[Karakth]

I'm doing my homework, and I've come across an interesting question. This homework must be done in a half hour's time, so it's not really an answer I'm looking for. Just an interesting question. Discuss:

How is elemental carbon changed into:

a) Ethane CH₃CH₃
b) Ethanol CH₃CH₂OH
c) Butane CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

I'm thinking I'd first go to carbon dioxide and work from there.

[Arsenic]

C + O2 ------>CO2

      RMgX      H2O            SOCl2             R2Cd           N2H4/OH-
CO2 ------> ------> RCO2H ------> RCOCl ------> RCOR  ------> RCH2R
                             |
                             |
                             | LiAlH4
                             |
                             |----> RCH2OH

[Karakth]

That would involve using RMgX, another organic compound.

HINT: Use CaO

[Arsenic]

C + O2 -----> CO2


Sabatier reaction (catalyzed by Ni)

CO2 + 4H2 -----> CH4 + 2H2O
 

Fischer-Tropsch process (catalyzed by Fe)


CH4+(1/2)O2 -----> 2H2 + CO

(2n + 1)H2 + nCO -----> CnH2n + 2 + nH2O



         Cl2/hv
CH4   ----->   CH3Cl

             Na           Cl2/hv                   Na
2CH3Cl -----> C2H6 -----> CH3CH2Cl -----> CH3CH2CH2CH3
                             |
                             |Cl2/hv                 H2O/H+
                             |-----> CH2=CH2    ----->    CH3CH2OH          
                                OH-

[Karakth]

There's a simpler way. Anyone ever seen this reaction:

2C + CaO --> CaC₂?

The Carbide? Which I believe is: ^-C triple bond C^-

[Arsenic]

 

CaC2(s) + H2O(l) -----> C2H2(g) + CaO(s)

         H2            H2O/H+
C2H2 -----> C2H4 -----> C2H4OH
         Cat.

[Karakth]

There you go

[HP]

For butadiene:
CaO + C = CaC2--->C2H2
C2H2 + H2O---> CH3CHO(acetaldehydeby Kucherov,Hg2+cat or conc. H2SO4)
2CH3CHO + OH-(base) --> CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO(aldol condenz)Theres two possible paths from this compound:
1st CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2-->CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH - 2H2O-->
--> CH2CHCHCH2(butadiene) + H2--> n-butane
2nd CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO - H2O(dehydration)-->H3C-CH=CH-CHO + 2H2/Pt
-->n-butanol + H2--> n-butane
Also:
2C2H2-->CH2=CH-C-CH(butenine synthesis from 2 mole ethine in cat CuCl2/H+) Next direct hydration with 4H2/Pt to n-butane
And last:
C2H2 + 2 CH2O(formaldehyde you show its inorganic sourse;)-->
-->HO-CH2C-C-CH2-OH(how to write triple bonds:) which + H2 and so on...
Can you find how to synthesise n-butane from propine
Hint:
Al + C --> Al2C3(aluminium carbide)
Al2C3 + H2) --> H3C-C-CH(propine gas)--->