Chemical Abstracts (accessed through Scifinder) or the Bielstein database (accessed through Reaxys, Crossfire, etc...) sounds like what you're thinking of. These do literature and structure searches. However, if you want to use these, you gotta pay. There's Web of Science and related resources for lit and author searches. If you're at an institution, see what databases you have access to.
EMolecules and ChemSpider have data on individual compounds, and Organic Chemistry Portal has a lot of information about organic chem in general. All these latter sources are free.