Review your test after you receive it. Go to your professor and make corrections on it, so you know what you need to work on.
Try to understand the problem. Most of the time you will be given a problem where you cannot find the answer immediately. You will have to work with the information that was given to you to transform it into what you need to solve the answer.
The first thing I do after reading the question is to write down what the questions asks for, which is usually a variable, and write down the information that was given to you. If it's not a simple plug-in question, ask yourself "What other variables do I need to be able to solve this question?"
Try not to study for too long in one sitting. If possible, tackle one concept or chapter at a time, and then take a break. Make a note of homework problems that were difficult, and try to find similar problems in the book for you to do. If you know there is a test on chapters 1-5 in 1 week from now, spend a day (1-3 hours or however much time you need) per chapter, and use the last 2 days as "light" reviews to keep the information fresh in your mind.
Make a note of problems that you found difficult or did not get the correct answer, and try to find similar problems in your book. Create your own practice test using these problems. It's important to try out new problems once you think you truly understand a concept.
Another important thing is to try to not just memorize what is given to you. There will be times where memorizing things will be easier without trying to figure out the "why" (perhaps because you won't truly understand it until later chapters).
Always try to stay positive. If you did not do well on a test, don't call yourself stupid. Tell yourself that maybe you were a little overconfident, but you'll make changes, so that it doesn't happen again. Do not let anybody tell you that you cannot do something, but most importantly, don't let yourself tell you that.