What you need is an analytical chemist. There are any of a number of physical and chemical texts that could be performed to understand an unknown sample. Full characterization can get expensive. Also, you will have to define the sample very well. There's a meme out there that analytical chemists sit behind banks of instruments dying for the opportunity to analyze and characterize any sample with no input other than "Here it is." That is not how its done. You will have to give some idea of: where it came from, what it does, what properties are significant for your application, how much can be destroyed in the analysis, etc. before an analytical chemist can help you.