[Jack421]

What are the common solvents to use for purification and extraction?  What are the most common temperatures for both extraction and purification of a substance?  Has anyone ever tried doing this to common tables such as vitamins or medication?  I am a bored hobbyist wishing to learn self taught chemistry in a lab setting.  I am hopping to carry out some experiments I have seen online in forums and you tube, first by initially learning to extract and purify chemical substances.

[vmelkon]

DCM - Dichloromethane - CH2Cl2
Trichloromethane - chloroform - CHCl3
Tetrachloromethane - carbon tetrachloride - CCl4
Diethyl ether - ethyl ether - (CH3CH2)2O
Methanol - CH3OH
Ethanol - CH3CH2OH
Acetone - propanone - CH3COCH3
Pentane - C5H12
Hexane - C6H14
Ethyl acetate
Benzene
Supercritial CO2 - I've only heard it used in the case of extracting caffeine from coffee beans and also fat from chicken.

What are the most common temperatures for both extraction and purification of a substance?

Depends. Most that I listed work at room temperature.
Supercritial CO2 needs above 31 °C.

Has anyone ever tried doing this to common tables such as vitamins or medication?

Try extracting aspirin. I think people use ethanol.

[Ander08]

What are you trying to extract? if you dont mind me asking