I suppose you could try it, if you've used ordinary TLC plates, and your HPLC column is definitely a normal phase column, and you stick to an isocratic run (one eluent, not mixing a gradient over time,) then yes you might get a good starting point for a separation. You won't have to change too many things, and it will be a start. But if things are very different, say you're using a reverse phase column, then no, you can't use TLC developing solvent to run the HPLC. In that case, you can start with a quick literature, or even a Google search for the analyte, to see what sort of conditions you can start at. In fact, probably best to work with the second option in any case. I only mentioned the first option in case you were really stubborn.
What column do you have? And are you certain your HPLC detector can see your analyte?