Please read forrum rules
You need to show some work
I apologise:
1a)This one I really genuinely have no idea.
2. For this one I simply did 23.5/2= 11.75. No idea if that is correct though.
3.a) I thought a %w/v meant the number of grams of substance in the solution of 100mL. So in this case there would be 0.004 x 200= 4g of penicillin G sodium in 200mL?
b) What I did was times amount of substance, 4g, by its E value, 0.18, which gives 0.72. Since an isotonic soln w.r.t. bodily fluids is 0.9g NaCl I subtracted my answer from this, giving 0.18g NaCl needs to be added?
c)I simply took the amount of NaCl neede to be added, 0.18, and divided it by glycerin's E value, 0.34, giving 0.53g.
d) I assume urea is not used as a tonicity adjuster due to its toxic effects as a waste metabolite.
e) I think maybe NaCl can sometimes react with certain drug compounds thus reducing their potency or reducing the drug's stability.
I must say, I am confident on NONE of the above answers so I would appreciate any help/feedback whatsoever. I apologise again for not giving my reasoning to begin with.