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Offline Rachelm

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Chemistry naming oxyacids
« on: January 05, 2020, 05:00:10 PM »
Naming Oxyacids (oxyacids produce the H+ cation)
The first step in writing a name for a formula is to decide which type of compound it represents.
Second, determine the anion (the name of the acid is based on the anion attached to the hydrogen)
The acid name comes from the root name of the oxyanion name or the central element of the oxyanion.
Oxyanions are named according to the following rules:
If the group ends in the suffix -ate (with more oxygen atoms bonded), it changes to -ic
If the group ends in the suffix -ite(with less less oxygen atoms bonded), it changes to -ious

Is this the correct step process for naming oxyacids?

Offline MNIO

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Re: Chemistry naming oxyacids
« Reply #1 on: January 05, 2020, 06:01:34 PM »
you give 2 steps
  (1) decide which type of compound
  (2) identify the anion

Let me give you some more information on (2).  Usually... we name the anion by the oxidation state of the central atom attached to the oxygen atom.  The naming of the acid and anion goes like this

      oxidation state                     acid                             anion
      of central atom             prefix / suffix                prefix / suffix
            lowest                     hypo-   -ous                    hypo-  -ite
            higher                                -ous                               -ite
            higher                                -ic                                  -ate
            highest                      per-   -ic                         per-   -ate

example... the sulfuric acid family, H2SO4

                       oxidation state
   anion            of central atom                 acid                     sodium salt
   SO2(-2)                 +2                  hyposulfurous         sodium hyposulfite
   SO3(-2)                 +4                         sulfurous         sodium        sulfite
   SO4(-2)                 +6                            sulfuric         sodium       sulfate
   SO5(-2)                 +8                        persulfuric        sodium   persulfate

another example, the nitric acid family, HNO3

                       oxidation state
   anion            of central atom                 acid                     sodium salt
   NO1(-1)                  +1                      hyponitrous           sodium hyponitrite
   NO2(-1)                  +3                             nitrous           sodium        nitrite
   NO3(-1)                  +5                                nitric           sodium       nitrate
   NO4(-1)                  +7                           pernitric            sodium  pernitrate

example... the chloric acid family.. HClO3

                       oxidation state
   anion            of central atom                 acid                     sodium salt
   ClO1(-1)                  +1                     hypochlorous        sodium hypochlorite
   ClO2(-1)                  +3                            chlorous        sodium        chlorite
   ClO3(-1)                  +5                               chloric        sodium       chlorate
   ClO4(-1)                  +7                          perchloric        sodium   perchlorate

*********

examples
   KNO2     potassium nitrite
   KNO3     potassium nitrate
      KCl      potassium chloride... note the "ide".. note the monoelemental anion?
 MgSO2      magnesium hyposulfite
      NaF      sodium fluoride
    Na2S      sodium sulfide
    Al2S3     aluminum sulfide... note this is still a "mono-elemental" anion?

*********

so.. how to remember all this.
   (1) learn all the "ic" acids
           H2SO4
            HBrO3
           H3PO4
            HNO3
           HClO3
         etc
   (2) remember sodium hypochlorite.  NaClO  aka  bleach
        remember hypochlorous acid.. . .. HClO
        now you know..
            (a) ite and ous go together
            (b) ite and ous are lower oxidation states
            (c) hypo is the lowest.. so per must be the highest

and you can generate that first table.

notes..
   (1) some series have even oxidation states (like H2SO4) some have odd (HClO3)
   (2) there is a trend in periodic table family, but it's not exact.
   (3) some of the per- acids and salts don't really exist.  you might need to google.

Offline AWK

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Re: Chemistry naming oxyacids
« Reply #2 on: January 06, 2020, 04:49:14 AM »
These above are only accepted common names according to IUPAC recommendations from 2005

See_ http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf - Chapter IR-8 from page 124
AWK

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