The orbitals in an atom must occur at certain distances from the nucleus to create a stable atom. At these distances, the orbitals allow the electron wave to complete one or more half-wavelengths (y, 1, 1y, 2, 2y, and so on) as it travels around the nucleus. The electron wave can then double back on itself and constructively interfere with itself in a way that reinforces the wave. Any other distance would cause the electron to interfere with its own wave in an unpredictable and unstable way, creating an unstable atom.
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