[DannyBoi]

Hi guys, I've spent last couple days researching answers for a solubility lab report we did. We tested solubility of ten substances in water, HCl, and NaOH. Filling out the table has been a pain but I seem to have gotten most of the info. Some things I just am stumped on though and would appreciate any help refining my results.

Legend: E =  element, I = ionic compound, PC = polar covalent compound, NPC = nonpolar covalent compound, PPTN = precipitation, A/B = acid base, O/R = oxidation-reduction, NR = no Reaction

ID label: 1
Substance: calcium chloride
Substance Type: I
When added to water complete Ionic Equation:  CaCl_{2 (s)} Ca²+ _(aq) + 2Cl^- _(aq)
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: N/A
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: N/A

ID label: 2
Substance: zinc oxide
Substance Type:
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: reactants NR
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl₂ + H₂O ; O/R
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: ZnO + 2NaOH + H₂O Na₂(Zn(OH)₄) ; O/R

ID label: 3
Substance: zin powder
Substance Type: E
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: reactants :rarrow:NR
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: Zn_(s) + 2HCl _(aq) ZnCl_{2 (aq)} + H_{2 (g)} ; O/R
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: Zn_(aq) + 2OH_(aq) Zn(OH)_{2 (s)} ; PPTN

ID label: 4
Substance: tin metal
Substance Type: E
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: reactants NR
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: Sn_(s) + 2HCl SnCl₂ H_{2 (g)} ; O/R
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: Sn_(aq) + NaOH_(aq) Sn(OH)_(s) + Na_(aq) ; PPTN

ID label: 5
Substance: ammonium chloride
Substance Type: I
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: NH₄⁺_(s) + Cl^-_(s) + H₂O_(l) NH₄⁺_(aq) + Cl^-(aq) + H₂O_(l)
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: N/A
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: NH₄Cl + NaOH NH₃ + NaCl + H₂O ; O/R

ID label: 6
Substance: magnesium powder
Substance Type: E
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: reactants NR
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: Mg_(s) + 2HCl_(aq) MgCl₂ + H_{2 (g)} ; O/R
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: (I got mixed results for this research...)

ID label: 7
Substance: iron powder
Substance Type: E
When added to water complete Ionic Equation:  reactants NR
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: Fe_(s) + 2HCl_(aq) FeCl_{2 (aq)} + H_{2 (g)}
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: Fe_(s) + 2NaOH_(aq) Fe(OH)_{2 (s)} + 2Na_(aq) ; PPTN

ID label: 8
Substance: calcium sulphate
Substance Type: ionic compound
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: reactants NR
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: N/A
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: N/A

ID label: 9
Substance: calcium oxide
Substance Type: ionic compound
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: Ca²⁺_(aq) + O^2-_(aq) + 2H⁺ + O^2-_(aq) Ca(OH)_{2 (s)}
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: CaO_(aq) + 2HCl_(aq) CaCl_{2 (s)} + H₂O_(l)
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: N/A

ID label: 10
Substance: sucrose
Substance Type: PC
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: (this one has stumped me, any help is sought)
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl:
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH:

I apologize for the lengthy post, this is my last lab to hand in and I want to try to get my lab average over 90. Thank you!

[Borek]

This will be not complete - that is, just because I have not commented on something doesn't mean it was correct.

Substance: calcium chloride
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: N/A

It may depend on concentrations, Ca(OH)₂ is relatively weakly soluble.

Substance: zin powder
Molecular equation and type when added to HCl: Zn_(s) + 2HCl _(aq) ZnCl_{2 (aq)} + H_{2 (g)} ; O/R
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: Zn_(aq) + 2OH_(aq) Zn(OH)_{2 (s)} ; PPTN

If I understand correctly, you have added zinc powder to two separate samples of acid and base? If so, why it is Zn(s) in teh first reaction and Zn(aq) in the second? Also - what is OH(aq)?

When added to water complete Ionic Equation: NH₄⁺_(s) + Cl^-_(s) + H₂O_(l) NH₄⁺_(aq) + Cl^-(aq) + H₂O_(l)

NH₄Cl(s), it splits to ions when dissociating.

Substance: iron powder
Molecular equation and type when added to NaOH: Fe_(s) + 2NaOH_(aq) Fe(OH)_{2 (s)} + 2Na_(aq) ; PPTN

Are you sure iron hydroxide was produced? No such thing as Na(aq).

Substance: calcium oxide
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: Ca²⁺_(aq) + O^2-_(aq) + 2H⁺ + O^2-_(aq) Ca(OH)_{2 (s)}

No such thing as O^2-(aq), you start with CaO(s). Why 2H⁺ + O^2-(aq) and not just H₂O?

Substance: sucrose
When added to water complete Ionic Equation: (this one has stumped me, any help is sought)

Just none, this is not an ionic substance.

Note: (l), (aq), (s), (g) - are not subscripts.

[DannyBoi]

Hey thanks for some of the advice. I've refined answers as best as I could and frankly I don't know how much more I can do. There is a lab question after this:

Which types of solutes tended to be insoluble in pure water but soluble in acids or in base? Can you explain this?


I observe that the elemental substances tended to follow this trend. I just am not clear on what properties of elements are causing this? Does it have something to do with exothermic reactions and the fact that adding element to acid or base produces heat and that acts as a catalyst?

This is the last question of the lab and then I can move on to math, yay! :p