I've done it with the salt and vinegar method with a 9V battery. One thing you can do is move your anode around so that the copper is dissolving directly adjacent to the bit you want to plate. You'll still get more accumulation at the edges, but not as much as if you just left it stationary.
You can't have too much voltage (until it starts sparking at least), the issue is that too much current will heat up your electrodes and cause them to oxidize. However, too little current and you won't get any electroplating at all. It's a fine balance. I've found that a typical 9V alkaline battery works perfectly.