In short, it is an attempt to unify all of the forces in nature into a single equation, from which our current descriptions can be derived by choosing the right conditions. This would tie together strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetic fields and gravity in a single theory.
For more, you might want to start here
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_field_theory to get a background, then google "unified field theory" to find everything from voodoo to pure speculation to metaphysics to true scientific research. Using google scholar will get you a narrower field of answers, but probably much more difficult to understand without any background.
Good luch - I think this is currently one of the most abused and misunderstood concepts in physics by the general population, having replaced relativity and chaos theory.