As far as question 3 goes look at the periodic table:
http://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?page=periodictableIf I click on Fe (iron) it will bring me down to it. If you read the information it has you will see "Electron Configuration of Iron: [Ar]4s
23d
6". This is the abbreviated electron configuration. To right it you go the Noble Gas in the row above the element you want to write. In Fe's case it's Ar (argon). From there you right out the rest of the electron configuration from Ar leaves off.
The way I think of it is just take that last noble gas before the element. Put the noble gas's symbol in brackets ([]) and then write out your elements valence electrons.
This is much easier to show in person.
As as natural ionic charge what do you mean by that. Are talking about its oxidation number?
Also you can tell valence electrons by where is on the periodic table.
You should probably ask your teacher about all this if you don't understand. Trust it's much easier explained when you face to face with someone and you have a periodic table in front of you.