Its very simple...
bulky groups are those which occupy large spaces causing hindrance to attacking species
eg:- ethyl groups...
what happens if bulky groups are present?
ans:- it changes the type of reaction
i.e, t-butyl alcohol undergoes elimination or sn1 while me-OH undergoes primarily SN2
in ch3ch2ch2Br nucleophile can easily attack Carbon attached to Br since there is no hindrance (only small H atoms are nearby)..
but in the 2nd compound, C attached to br is hindered by two ch3 atoms.(repulsions occur between 2 ch3 and 1 Nucleophile which is not favourable for SN2).