Basically, triple bonds are shorter than single bonds. For a true resonance structure, all the bonds should be equal in length. For long (like, infinite) chains of alternating triple and single bonds, the alternated form is lower energy. This symmetry breaking is called a Peirels distortion (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peierls_transition) and is common in conjugated polymers. It is a reason there is an optical bandgap in polyacetylene (conjugated polymers are semiconductors rather than conductors, basically). Anyway, the energy difference between the bond alternated form and the unalternated resonance form limits the degree of conjugation/resonance (whatever you want to call it) as the number of sequential ethynes increases.